Monarch butterfly habitats are diminished, and as a result their
populations are rapidly declining. As stated in Forest Sovereignty: Wildlife Sustainability and Ethics (Oxford: Peter Lang 2025), evolved feeding
behaviors or what humans call antagonistic predation are part of multiple
functioning systems of Gaia. Human developments reduce animal ranges and
movement, affect feeding behaviors, and upset population scales. Plants evolved
systems to reward pollinators and seed dispersers. Organisms do not evolve in
isolation since flora and fauna occupy a collective habitat. Organisms
interacting with each other constitute ecology and evolution, a synergy that
once disrupted can devolve into little succession and decline, evidenced in
calamitous human deforestation and pollutions.
Copyright©2025 by
Gregory F. Tague. Photo ©by Jerilyn Waterman Maclean. All Rights Reserved.
