Sunday, September 21, 2025









































































Monarchs in Decline

Monarch butterfly habitats are diminished, and as a result their populations are rapidly declining. As stated in
Forest Sovereignty: Wildlife Sustainability and Ethics (Oxford: Peter Lang 2025), evolved feeding behaviors or what humans call antagonistic predation are part of multiple functioning systems of Gaia. Human developments reduce animal ranges and movement, affect feeding behaviors, and upset population scales. Plants evolved systems to reward pollinators and seed dispersers. Organisms do not evolve in isolation since flora and fauna occupy a collective habitat. Organisms interacting with each other constitute ecology and evolution, a synergy that once disrupted can devolve into little succession and decline, evidenced in calamitous human deforestation and pollutions.

Copyright©2025 by Gregory F. Tague. Photo ©by Jerilyn Waterman Maclean. All Rights Reserved.